Penn’s Treaty by Edward Hicks
William Penn signed a peace treaty with the Lenni Lenape Indians in 1683. No documents have survived that tell us what the actual treaty promised. Numerous artists have painted their visions of the meeting. Children could learn more at: Peace Treaty.
Woman and 1918 Typewriter
Typewriter was patented in 1868 by Christopher Latham Sholes. At first he thought few people would want such a machine because business people prided themselves on their penmanship. What a thought! Children could learn more about the typewriter at: Typewriter.
SAT was first administered in 1926. About 8,000 students took the 90-minute test of 315 problems.
Wilma Rudolph (born St. Bethlehem, Tennessee, 1940; died Brentwood, Tennessee, November 12, 1994) was the first American woman to garner three gold medals in one Olympics. She specialized in track events. A polio survivor, Rudolph serves as a model for dedication and hard work. Children could read Wilma Unlimited: How Wilma Rudolph Became the World’s Fastest Woman, by Kathleen Krull.
Theodore Taylor (born Statesville, North Carolina, 1924; died Laguna Beach, California, October 26, 2006) wrote at least 50 books for children and young adults. One of his books is The Cay, which received the 1970 Jane Addams Book Award. The Edgar Award was presented to him in 1992 for The Weirdo. His The Bomb earned the 1996 Scott O’Dell Award for Historical Fiction. Children can visit a website devoted to him at: Theodore Taylor.
Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon were crowned in England in 1509. Catherine of Aragon, a Spanish princess and the widow of his brother Arthur, was the first of his six wives. Children can learn more about his six wives at: Wives.
Matthew Thornton died in Newburyport, Massachusetts, in 1803. 
Representing New Hampshire, he signed the Declaration of Independence. His exact date of birth is unknown, but scholars know he was born in Ireland. He was a physician and did not marry until he was 46 years old. He helped establish New Hampshire’s constitution and also served as a judge. Children can learn more at: Matthew Thornton.
Coffee was first planted along the Kona coast of Hawaii in 1817. Kona coffee, grown in the soil of volcanic mountains, is very expensive. Often Kona coffee is blended with other beans. In 1997 about two million pounds of green Kona coffee beans were harvested. In 2019, almost 7,000 acres produced over 2.5 tons of green coffee.
Berlin Airlift
Berlin airlift began in 1948. After World War II, Germany was divided into four parts. The Soviet Union controlled the portion that held Berlin. Berlin itself had been divided into four parts. Hoping to create a blockade, the Soviet Union denied access to the city. The United States, France, and Great Britain responded, via “Operation Vittles,” by airlifting food and other supplies into Berlin. Over 2,300,000 tons of supplies were lifted in via 277,000 flights. The airlift lasted until May 12, 1949.
Kimberly Brubaker Bradley (born Fort Wayne, Tennessee, 1967) has written at least fifteen books for children. She earned a 2016 Newbery Honor Award for The War that Saved My Life. Children can learn more at: Kimberly Brubaker Bradley.
Betty Cavanna (born Camden, New Jersey, 1901; died Vezelay, France, August 13, 2001) wrote books for young adults. Her works include Paintbox Summer and Spice Island Mystery. Children can learn more at: Betty Cavanna.
Kathryn Lasky (born Indianapolis, Indiana, 1944) has written at least 100 books for children and young adults. She wrote the Royal Diaries series and the Dear America series. A Night Journey received the 1981 Sydney Taylor Book Award for older readers. Sugaring Time was a 1984 Newbery Honor Book. Children could visit her website at: Kathryn Lasky.
Jean Marzollo (born Manchester, Connecticut, 1942; died Cold Spring, New York, April 10, 2018) wrote at least 100 books for children. Her books include the I Spy series. Children could visit her website at: Jean Marzollo.
Ellison Onizuka (born Kealakekua, Kona, Hawaii, 1946; died in the Challenger disintegration, January 28, 1986) was an aerospace engineer aboard the Challenger.
Flag of Mozambique
Mozambique celebrates Independence Day. It became independent from Portugal in 1975. Located on the east coast of Africa, it is almost double the size of California. Natural resources include titanium, coal, and natural gas. About 25 million people live there. Maputo is the capital. Children could learn more at: Mozambique.